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10,045 illustrations — Lessons from history, biography, and world events
2/12 (1818): Bernardo O'Higgins formally approves the Chilean Declaration of Independence near Concepción, Chile.
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12/25 (2004): The Cassini orbiter releases Huygens probe which successfully landed on Saturn's moon Titan on January 14, 2005.
7/4 (2009): The first of four days of bombings begins on the southern Philippine island group of Mindanao.
2/14 (1954): First Indochina War - small French garrison at Đắk Đoa is overrun by the Viet Minh after a week's siege.
11/1 (1976): Burundian president Michel Micombero is deposed in a bloodless military coup d'état by deputy Jean-Baptiste Bagaza.
11/1 (1848): In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the Boston University School of Medicine), opens.
12/25 (1831): The Great Jamaican Slave Revolt begins; up to 20% of Jamaica's slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom.
10/31 (2014): During a test flight, the VSS Enterprise, a Virgin Galactic experimental spaceflight test vehicle, suffers a catastrophic in-flight breakup and crashes in the Mojave Desert, California.
11/1 (1914): World War I: The Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from Albany, Western Australia bound for Egypt.
4/9 (1952): Hugo Ballivián's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalization of tin mines
10/12 (1964): The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew, and the first flight without pressure suits.
7/14 (1789): Storming of the Bastille in Paris. This event escalates the widespread discontent into the French Revolution. Bastille Day is still celebrated annually in France.
12/25 (1915): The National Protection War breaks out against the Empire of China, as military leaders Cai E and Tang Jiyao proclaim the independence of Yunnan and begin a campaign to restore the Republic.
7/14 (1902): Peruvian explorer and farmer Agustín Lizárraga discovers Machu Picchu, the "Lost City of the Incas".
7/20 (1807): Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Napoleon for the Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine, after it successfully powered a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.
5/8 (1978): The first ascent of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen, by Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler.
11/1 (1937): Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.
6/19 (1846): The first officially recorded, organized baseball game is played under Alexander Cartwright's rules on Hoboken, New Jersey's Elysian Fields with the New York Base Ball Club defeating the Knickerbockers 23-1. Cartwright umpired.
6/19 (1785): The Boston King's Chapel adopts James Freeman's revised prayer book, without the Nicene Creed, establishing it as the first Unitarian congregation in the United States.
10/31 (1923): The first of 160 consecutive days of 100° Fahrenheit at Marble Bar, Western Australia.
3/17 (1862): The first railway line of Finland between cities of Helsinki and Hämeenlinna, called Päärata, is officially opened.
7/4 (1855): The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems, Leaves of Grass, is published in Brooklyn.
10/31 (1517): Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg.