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10,045 illustrations — Lessons from history, biography, and world events
8/6 (1777): American Revolutionary War: The bloody Battle of Oriskany prevents American relief of the Siege of Fort Stanwix.
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6/19 (1982): The People's Armed Police is de facto founded; It is officially established 10 months later on April 5, 1983
7/4 (1837): Grand Junction Railway, the world's first long-distance railway, opens between Birmingham and Liverpool.
9/2 (1945): Communist leader Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam after the end of the Nguyễn dynasty.
8/6 (1991): Takako Doi, chair of the Social Democratic Party, becomes Japan's first female speaker of the House of Representatives.
3/15 (1875): Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States.
11/1 (1896): A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in National Geographic magazine for the first time.
4/9 (1989): Tbilisi massacre: An anti-Soviet peaceful demonstration and hunger strike in Tbilisi, demanding restoration of Georgian independence, is dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
1/1 (1788): The first edition of The Times of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.
9/2 (1945): World War II: The Japanese Instrument of Surrender is signed by Japan and the major warring powers aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, thus marking the official end to the war.
6/6 (1654): Swedish Queen Christina abdicated her throne in favour of her cousin Charles Gustav and converted to Catholicism.
1/15 (1936): The first building to be completely covered in glass, built for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company, is completed in Toledo, Ohio.
2/12 (1947): Christian Dior unveils a "New Look", helping Paris regain its position as the capital of the fashion world.
4/22 (1836): Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto, forces under Texas General Sam Houston identify Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna among the captives of the battle when some of his fellow soldiers mistakenly give away his identity.
He resigns a month later to join the newly elected John F. Kennedy administration.
1/20 (2001): President of the Philippines Joseph Estrada is ousted in a nonviolent four-day revolution, and is succeeded by Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
2/14 (1556): Having been declared a heretic and laicized by Pope Paul IV on 4 December 1555, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is publicly defrocked at Christ Church Cathedral.
7/20 (1920): The Greek Army takes control of Silivri after Greece is awarded the city by the Paris Peace Conference; by 1923 Greece effectively lost control to the Turks.
6/6 (1925): The original Chrysler Corporation was founded by Walter Chrysler from the remains of the Maxwell Motor Company.
7/4 (1960): Due to the post-Independence Day admission of Hawaii as the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959, the 50-star flag of the United States debuts in Philadelphia, almost ten and a half months later (see Flag Acts (United States)).
5/1 (1328): Wars of Scottish Independence end: By the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, England recognises Scotland as an independent state.
10/31 (1918): World War I: The Aster Revolution terminates the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, and Hungary achieves full sovereignty.
1/1 (1902): The first American college football bowl game, the Rose Bowl between Michigan and Stanford, is held in Pasadena, California.