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10,045 illustrations — Lessons from history, biography, and world events
3/15 (1877): First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia.
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11/11 (1675): Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = ƒ(x).
7/4 (1966): U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Freedom of Information Act into United States law. The act went into effect the next year.
11/11 (1865): Treaty of Sinchula is signed whereby Bhutan cedes the areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company.
2/14 (1852): Great Ormond St Hospital for Sick Children, the first hospital in England to provide in-patient beds specifically for children, is founded in London.
10/12 (1945): World War II: Desmond Doss is the first conscientious objector to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor.
12/24 (971): Battle of Ayn Shams: The Fatimids under Jawhar defeat the Qarmatians at the gates of Cairo, putting an end to the First Qarmatian invasion of Egypt.
11/9 (1799): Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming First Consul of the successor Consulate Government.
5/8 (1945): World War II: The German Instrument of Surrender signed at Berlin-Karlshorst comes into effect.
11/1 (1956): The Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued.
WWW makes its first appearance as a publicly available service on the Internet.
4/1 (2001): Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Netherlands, the first contemporary country to allow it.
11/9 (694): At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery.
11/9 (1979): Cold War: Nuclear false alarm: The NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in Fort Ritchie, Maryland, detect a purported massive Soviet nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the early-warning radars, the alert is cancelled.
1/1 (1901): The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.
5/8 (1963): South Vietnamese soldiers under the Roman Catholic President Ngo Dinh Diem open fire on Buddhists defying a ban on the flying of the Buddhist flag on Vesak, killing nine and sparking the Buddhist crisis.
8/6 (1819): Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
5/8 (1927): Attempting to make the first non-stop transatlantic flight from Paris to New York, French war heroes Charles Nungesser and François Coli disappear after taking off aboard The White Bird biplane.
7/4 (2004): Greece beats Portugal in the UEFA Euro 2004 Final and becomes European Champion for first time in its history.
12/25 (1951): A bomb explodes at the home of Harry T. Moore and Harriette V. Moore, early leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, killing Harry instantly and fatally wounding Harriette.
10/31 (1956): Hungarian Revolution of 1956: A Revolutionary Headquarters is established in Hungary. Following Imre Nagy's announcement of October 30, banned non-Communist political parties are reformed, and the MDP is replaced by the MSZMP. József Mindszenty is released from prison.
10/12 (1917): World War I: The First Battle of Passchendaele takes place resulting in the largest single-day loss of life in New Zealand history.
11/9 (2005): The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.